Thermal pattern at Kueishantao (KST) volcano of Taiwan from satellite-observed temperatures and its implication

Abstract Kueishantao (KST) is an active volcanic island off the northeastern coast of Taiwan. Tectonically, it lies in south Okinawa Trough and opposite to Ilan plain, which southwestern end trough. KST provides a convenient observation site for subsurface geological geothermal activity mechanism at its proximity. Land surface temperature (LST) volcanoes detected from satellite sensors reflects thermal status heat sources subsurface. LST thus key parameter understanding process resources. This research utilizes satellite-observed multi-temporal land imagery 1999-2022 on volcano Taiwan explore state. The U.S. NASA Earth-observing satellites onboard three (i.e., Landsat ETM+, Terra ASTER, Aqua/Terra MODIS) derived time series 1999 are employed define past current pattern plus future trend KST. spatiotemporal distribution explored analyzed. spatial indicates that anomaly areas mainly located southeast island, well correlated with possible magma reservoir location previous geophysical surveys. An increasing two-decade revealed all sensors. retrieved shows non-linear variations imply non-steady-state nature this volcano. In summary, observations facilitate magmatic processes further management resources.